Monitoring downwind of a feedstock at a midwest farm for swine emission as part of the National Pork Producers Council (NPPC) “Odor Solutions Initiative.”

RAM2000 open path FTIR used for one kilometer range at Republic Airport in Farmingdale, NY. The RAM2000 was also used for a week-long program to monitor aircraft emission at Chicago O’Hare airport.

RAM2000 set up below a busy highway overpass.

The RAM2000 was used to monitor a Government (public) building entry and throughfare in Taiwan.

In 2000, Marines got a chance to train with the RAM2000 detector during testing at Dugway Proving Ground. The system can remotely quantify chemical agents at ranges up to one kilometer by measuring the quantity of gases in the atmosphere.
(Photo by Melanie Moore)

Fifteen different field tests were carried out using simulated chemical warfare agents (CWA’s). Real CWA’s were used in twenty-two controlled indoor chamber tests. Very low levels of many chemicals can be detected and measured by the RAM2000 in real-world situations. Contact us for details.

China: Industrial Plant – RAM2000 OP-FTIR

China Industrial Site: Retro-Reflector Tower

China Industrial Site: Retro-Reflector Tower

The RAM2000 was used to monitor background levels of atmospheric gases from prevailing winds off the subequatorial Atlantic Ocean.

The RAM2000 was set at multiple (one-way path) distances ranging from 20 meters up to 1/2 a kilometer to the Retro-Reflector.

Ozone Monitoring on a building rooftop in Seoul, Korea. The RAM2000 collected data corresponding to data collected by Seouls’ National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER).

The RAM2000 avoids time lost to “grab” samples that have to be sent out to a lab and only measure the moment of time that the sample was collected.

The RAM2000 can be set up to monitor single rooms, long corridors or large warehouses.

In 2000, Marines got a chance to train with the RAM2000 detector during testing at Dugway Proving Ground. The system can remotely quantify chemical agents at ranges up to one kilometer by measuring the quantity of gases in the atmosphere.
(Photo by Melanie Moore)

Singlepath fixed installation in Taiwan. Note the liquid nitrogen autofill tank on the right.

RAM2000 installed at an un-named Industrial monitoring location in Asia.

RAM2000 with an auto-positioner, and an automatic nitrogen fill system being prepared for a fixed installation.

The RAM2000 has been used to monitor emissions from landfills such as the New York Staten Island landfill.

The RAM2000 has been used for 10 years for perimeter monitoring at hazardous waste sites. Sites include Superfund emergency removal actions, former MGP, abandoned lagoons, former dumps, and industrial brownfield properties.

RAM2000 used at soil handling site in New York..

The RAM2000 is used to document plume transport along the boundary of a former manufactured gas plant (MGP) remediation.

In 2001, the Mobile Air Toxics Division permanently installed a RAM2000 in a monitoring truck. The system is self-contained including met tower.

The RAM2000 shoots out of the side window and is used for the investigation of odors and emissions sources.

Fifteen different field tests wIn 2004, a RAM2000 was installed in a light trailer so it could be easily moved around the site, yet closed and locked at the end of the day. The project pictured was located in Bristol, Tennessee. To cover two fence lines a flat mirror was inserted between the retro reflector and RAM2000 sensor. Real time action level compliance was required during soil handling activities. The RAM2000 was moved depending on wind direction.

Daily monitoring was conducted over a three year period by a RAM2000 system set up in a rental truck. The truck was often moved to more strategic locations as the remediation progressed. The entire system including the RAM2000 Tax-Met, PC, and printer ran off of portable generators. When soil handling activities were dormant, the RAM2000 and rental truck were demobilized.

The “on” and “off” requirement for air monitoring at large scale remediation make it advantageous to lease equipment for just certain phases of the project. A good example is the Lipari Landfill Remediation. KASSAY provided equipment and services to multiple site contractors spanning several years. At the time of remediation, Lipari was ranked #1 on the Superfund National Priorities List (NPL).

For 20 years, KASSAY has been a world leading pioneer in the use of op-ftir data in combination with dispersion modeling to determine emission rates, total fluxes, and downwind impact.  Since op-ftir data measures along an entire path, emission rates and fluxes can be determined when combined with meterological data.

The RAM2000 G2 software (RMMSoft) has a built-in integrated feature that allows for a combination of weather and OP-FTIR data to calculate emission rates. (Modeling approach is based on application and data quality objectives.)

Tracer Ratio Technique:   Typically the most accurate way to determine emission rates is to ratio the measured concentration of a target chemical to the measured concentration of a tracer gas released at a known rate.  RMMSoft has the tracer ratio algorithm built into the analytical software.

FMC-tracer-study

nariva-swamp-study

Radial Plume mapping (VRPM & HRPM) : Radial plume mapping techniques have been employed with KASSAY’s RAM2000 OP-FTIR systems in Israel, Taiwan, Canada, and the US.  The technique involves collecting open path FTIR data along different beam paths to determine plume characteristics and hot spots.  Some examples of RPM projects are as follows:

AFPM Paper ENV-12-58

ATMOSPHERIC GAUSSIAN DISPERSION MODELING OF OP-FTIR CONCENTRATION DATA

Steady State Gaussian Dispersion models (AERMOD):  Without using tracer, a Gaussian model that predicts plume behavior can be employed.  Meteorological data is combined with open path (eg: OP-FTIR) concentration data to ‘unity’ model  emissions based on input parameters.  Subsequently, emission rates of target chemicals are determined.  KASSAY employs an integrated solution for real-time emission rate determination named ecalc based on AERMOD.

E-Calc Description

FinalExtendedAbstract31MinnichandScotto

controlled-release_awma_west_oct2016

Inverse Steady State (sometimes called Backward Lagrangian) models:  KASSAY’s RAM2000 OP-FTIR data can be inverse modeled using Lagrangian Stochastic (bLS) models.  Both the HEGADAS-S and the WindTrx(R) have been utilized to determine emission fluxes from large disposal ponds.

Summary_Final Pond Study 2015-2017_new

East WY_Pond Study_Final 2016

Non Steady State (Puff Dispersion) model: For large areas such as industrial parks,  KASSAY supplies an integrated model named RAM-PUFF which is based on CALPUFF.   Point, area, and line sources can be simulated as a ‘bouyant puff’  or a ‘continuous stream.’  RAM-PUFF allows for source attribution and plume finding in real time.

RAM-Puff-Marketing:(pdf file) • RAM-Puff-Marketing:(presentation file)

Automated-Plume-Finding-Software (contact KASSAY for more info…)

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logies used.

The RAM2000 has been set up to monitor the effluent of stack gases flares and vent ducts.

The RAM2000 is shooting along tertiary wastewater treatment tanks. The Retro-Reflector is at the far side.

The RAM2000 has been used on several projects spanning 10 years to help assess emissions from all phases of wastewater treatment. Pictured is wastewater treatment plants in New York City.